VetsOpenNow

Is it an emergency?

When in doubt, call an emergency hospital and describe what you're seeing — triage calls are free and ER staff answer them all night. This checklist is general guidance, not a diagnosis.

🚨 Go now — do not wait until morning

  • Difficulty breathing, choking, gums that look blue, white, or grey
  • Collapse, inability to stand, or a seizure lasting over 2 minutes (or repeated seizures)
  • Suspected poisoning: antifreeze, rodenticide, xylitol gum/candy, chocolate (large amounts), lilies for cats, grapes/raisins, human medications
  • Male cat straining in the litter box producing little or no urine — this kills within 24–48 hours
  • A large dog's abdomen visibly swelling with unproductive retching (bloat/GDV)
  • Uncontrolled bleeding, deep wounds, any hit-by-car — internal injuries hide well
  • Heatstroke signs: heavy panting, drooling, wobbliness after heat exposure
  • Eye injuries — hours matter for saving vision
  • Birthing trouble: active straining over 30–60 minutes with no puppy/kitten

⚠️ Call the ER and ask — same night if advised

  • Repeated vomiting or diarrhea (more than 2–3 episodes), especially with lethargy
  • Not eating for 24+ hours (12 hours for kittens, puppies, and small breeds)
  • Sudden limping with the leg held completely off the ground
  • Swallowed a sock, toy, bone, or string — string in cats is genuinely dangerous
  • Squinting, pawing at an eye, sudden behavior change or hiding

🕐 Usually safe for a next-day regular vet visit

  • Mild limping while still bearing weight, single episode of vomiting with normal energy
  • Itching, minor skin irritation, ear scratching, fleas
  • Small appetite dips in an otherwise bright, responsive adult pet

While you drive

  • Call ahead — the ER preps for your arrival and can coach you on transport.
  • Suspected poisoning: bring the packaging. ASPCA Poison Control: (888) 426-4435 (24/7, fee applies).
  • Injured pets bite — even yours. A towel over a small pet, or a slip-lead and calm voice for dogs.
  • Keep them warm and as still as possible; don't offer food or water unless told to.

This checklist is general information, not veterinary advice, and can't cover every situation. When unsure, call a veterinarian. Last reviewed July 2026.